The remaining ships returned to England September 22, , without leaving settlers in America. This account by Edward Hayes seems to draw careful and accurate descriptions from the log of the ship he commanded, the Golden Hind. London, This text is an annotated version of the latter. Burrage, Henry S. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, In he was elected to represent Plymouth in Parliament. In he presented the queen with a plan for Queen Elizabeth's Academy, which was to be a university in London to train the nobility and the gentry for the army and the navy.
It was to be several centuries before there would be either a university in London or schools for military training. In , at the age of 40, he received Letters Patent authorizing the planting of an English colony in America. He assembled a large fleet which sailed from Dartmouth on September 26, ; however, storms forced the ships to seek refuge in Plymouth until November Although this attempt failed, it got his brothers Walter and Carew Ralegh involved in American Exploration.
Yet it was not until that he made a second attempt, sailing from Plymouth on June One ship, Barke Ralegh, turned back immediately because of illness, but Gilbert and the other ships arrived at St. John's, Newfoundland, on August 3 and took possession two days later. Because it was small and could explore harbors and creeks, Gilbert now sailed on Squirrel, a ship of 10 tuns, rather than Delight, his tun flagship.
On August 29 the latter ship wrecked with the loss of lives and many of Gilbert's records. On the return voyage to England to record his claim Gilbert remained aboard Squirrel rather than transferring to the larger Golden Hinde as urged by his men. On Monday, September 9, he was observed on deck reading a book. As the ships drew near he was heard to say, "We are as near to heaven by sea as by land. Married in to Ann Aucker, whose father and grandfather had fought in the final defense of Calais, Gilbert was the father of two sons — John and Ralegh — who with his brothers Adrian Gilbert and Walter Ralegh continued the family involvement in the exploration and colonization of the New World.
His expeditions to what is now North Carolina between and are known as the Roanoke Voyages. Reaching St. John's Bay in Newfoundland in August, he took possession for the Queen. During an exploration of the adjacent mainland coast he lost a ship and all the prospective colonists. It seemed necessary to take what was left of the expedition back to England and return the following spring. Against others' advice, Gilbert insisted on sailing in the Squirrel, a tiny ship that was too heavily laden to be seaworthy.
On the night of Sept. Gilbert is remembered as the first English colonizer. He was not a sailor, and although he studied and understood navigation he felt uncomfortable on shipboard.
Before his last voyage the Queen wrote suggesting he not go along, being "a man of not good hap by sea. A biography of Gilbert and essential documents, including his own writings, are contained in David Beers Quinn, ed. William G.
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