When was gamma globulin first used

Schwick HG: Pepsin-disaggregated gamma globulins. Table of immunoglobulin preparations. Ann Intern Med , 98 — Lancet , — Includes data on more than subcutaneous infusions in patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol , — Clin Immunol Immunopathol , 22 — Lancet , 2 — Bull World Health Organ , N Engl J Med , — Ann Intern Med , — Transfusion , 26 — Schiff RI: Transmission of viral infections through intravenous immune globulin.

Outbreak of Hepatitis C associated with intravenous immunoglobulin administration—United States, October June Yap PL: The viral safety of intravenous immune globulin. Clin Exp Immunol , — PubMed Google Scholar. Disruption of lipidenveloped viruses by tri n-butyl phosphate detergent combinations. Transfusion , 25 — Biesert L: Virus validation studies of immunoglobulin preparations.

Clin Exp Rheumatol , 14 :SS J Virol Methods , 84 — Fahey JL: Developments in fundamental research related to clinical uses of immunoglobulins. Dwyer JM: Manipulating the immune system with immune globulin. An excellent review that discusses most of the conditions for which IVIG is used today, and the mechanisms by which it is believed to act. Accessed March 18, Lancet , 2 Article Google Scholar. Arch Intern Med , — Neurology , 38 — J Neurol Sci , 70 — J Neuroimmunol , 29 — PubMed Article Google Scholar.

Dalakas MC: Mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin and therapeutic considerations in the treatment of autoimmune neurologic diseases. Neurology , 51 :S2-S8. Jolles S: A review of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin hdIVIg in the treatment of the autoimmune blistering disorders.

Clin Exp Dermatol , 26 — JAMA , — Renal insufficiency and failure associated with immune globulin intravenous therapy-United States. Drug Saf , 9 — Schiavotto C, Ruggeri M, Rodeghiero F: Adverse reactions after high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin: Incidence in 83 patients treated for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP and review of the literature.

Suppl di Haematol , 78 — CAS Google Scholar. J Pediatr , 28 — Soothill JF: Treatment of immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes. J Pediatr , — Vox Sang , 78 — Gelfand EW: Antibody-directed therapy: Past, present, and future. Pediatr Infect Dis J , 17 — Pediatrics , — Sorrentino M, Powers T: Effectiveness of palivizumab: Evaluation of outcomes from the to respiratory syncytial virus season. Man has been injecting himself with gamma globulin for almost years. As a result, both the benefits and the hazards of such therapy have been convincingly demonstrated.

For 30 years physicians have realized that one group of patients must receive regular injections of this material to avoid death from overwhelming bacterial infections.

The health of subjects with congenital or acquired hypogammaglobulinemia is directly related to the successful administration of adequate amounts of immunoglobulin G IgG. Three phases are easily recognizable when examining the history of how physicians have accomplished such replacement therapy. Initially, therapy was limited to frequent and painful intramuscular injections of concentrated immune serum globulin.